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Skype From App Store License For 16In this tutorial, we’ll build a non-sandboxed app, talk about certificates, sign the app, notarize it, briefly talk about building an installer, sign and notarize the installer, and finally cover distribution. Apple’s signing and notarization process can be quite complex and the documentation is not that clear on the subject, especially for installers.This is the first part in a three-part series of tutorials on sandboxing, signing, notarizing, and and distributing macOS apps outside of the Mac App Store. Today, I’ll help you understand how to navigate the rather convoluted process of signing and notarizing both an app and its installer. You probably downloaded Xcode from Apple’s developer portal (because downloading it from the App Store usually doesn’t work).I would like to share my experiences in developing and distributing macOS apps outside of the Mac App Store and show you how you can do it too. You have much more creative, design, development, distribution, financial, and feature-full options than you would by putting all your work at the risk of sometimes arbitrary rejection by Apple’s notoriously fickle and opaque app reviewers.For example, you don’t have to sandbox your apps, giving you access to much of the macOS file system. Advantages of staying out of the Mac App StoreThere are several big advantages to distributing macOS apps outside of the Mac App Store. We’ll build an installer that has a splash page, installation instructions, a licensing agreement, and provides installation options for users. Finally, in Part III, I’ll guide you step-by-step through the process of using the excellent freeware app Packages to create an installer for distributing your app. We’ll also discuss the pros and cons of sandboxing and try to understand Apple’s reasoning behind providing loopholes for sandboxed apps. When you install Mac apps, plug-ins, and installer packages from outside the App Store, macOS checks the Developer ID signature to verify that the software is from an identified developer and that it has not been altered. you avoid the coin toss of ending up with the disgruntled app reviewer who’s just having a bad day.Before we get started with the tactical discussion, let’s clarify the meaning and importance of what Apple calls “notarization.” There’s a quote from Apple describing Gatekeeper, positing a situation exactly as I’ll discuss herein, where:… you download and install apps from the internet or directly from a developer, macOS continues to protect your Mac. you don’t have to follow Human Interface Guidelines and, you don’t have to pay Apple a 30%/15% fee for selling your apps or for subsequent “in app” purchases (you can call purchases from within your app anything you’d like to call them) you get to advertise, distribute, and sell your app any way and any place you like Probably the best reason: you save lots of money!Here’s a succinct list of the best reasons to distribute your macOS apps outside of the Mac App Store: If you stay with me, you’ll configure, build, sign, and notarize my app. We’ll concentrate on app configuration herein. If you use my code, remember that you’ll have to use Xcode 11.x to configure the settings under TARGETS -> -> Signing & Capabilities -> Signing with your own Team, Bundle Identifier, Signing Certificate, and possibly Provisioning Profile.I won’t be going into Swift coding specifics today as this tutorial is concentrated on distributing safe code outside the Mac App Store. You can download my sample project, built against the OS X 10.15 (Catalina) SDK at this link. Or if you just want to follow along using my existing code, then open my “AppNotaryAndDistrib” project and walk through it while reading this article. Online mac emulator browserIf not, please take the time to read up on certificates and signing. You also should know why apps must be digitally signed. For now, let’s just say that, from my project’s NSViewController subclass, I’m using NSOpenPanel to enable the user to select individual folders:Most of you are familiar with building apps and submitting them to the iOS App Store or, in the case of this tutorial, submitting them for review and distribution to the Mac App Store. When you run the installer and then run my sample app, you’ll see this:Let’s take just a few minutes to go over the code wired to the button in the center of my main window entitled “Select folder.” Remember that in Part II of this tutorial, we’ll be having a very in-depth discussion about how a user can grant a sandboxed app access to specific folders outside of its container. If you want to distribute outside of the Mac App Store, you’ll need to create and export the same type of certificates from your account on Apple’s developer portal and install them into your own Keychain, where TEAM_NAME is your own name or your company’s “Team Name,” and TEAM_ID is your/your company’s “Team ID,” from your portal’s account. Please read “Signing Your Apps for Gatekeeper”, “Create, export, and delete signing certificates”, and “Distribute outside the Mac App Store (macOS)”.Because I regularly develop, sign, notarize, and distribute macOS apps outside the App Store, I have certificates with the following types of names in my Mac’s Keychain, shown below. Let me point you at some documentation that Apple has provided so that, for example, you can reproduce what I’m showing you in this tutorial on your own Macs. From Apple’s docs:For software and applications that are downloaded from places other than the Mac App Store, developers can get a Developer ID certificate and submit their software for notarization by Apple. It behooves you to burn the phrase Developer ID into your brain’s neural net. These are just the ones most important for signing and notarizing apps and installers. As for hardening, according to Xcode 11 help:Hardened Runtime defends your application by preventing modifications to its code and provides fine-grained controls over what can run in your process. Delete the App Sandbox capability (entitlement) and leave the default Hardened Runtime capability (build setting), like this, and notice my annotations in red:Many apps benefit greatly from having the convenience of accessing files/folders anywhere on your Mac, excluding protected system areas, so my sample app is not sandboxed. Go to TARGETS -> -> Signing & Capabilities and make sure that setting is checked. Most of you use the Automatically manage signing setting. Add automatic signing, remove sandboxing, and keep hardeningWe’re going to diverge from from the default macOS app template while simultaneously leaving other settings as-is, re: sandboxing and hardening, respectively. It shows the Certificates, Identifiers & Profiles section when you Create a New Certificate:Once you create these certificates, you download and install them into your Mac’s Keychain. Building, signing, and notarizingYou all are familiar with cleaning and building apps. These properties help prevent exploitation of your application and this capability is required for your app to be notarized.
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